GCC Code Coverage Report

Directory:	src/athena/
File:	src/athena/athena_initialiser_glorot.f90
Date:	2026-04-15 16:08:59

	Exec	Total	Coverage
Lines:	41	51	80.4%
Functions:	0	0	-%
Branches:	155	304	51.0%

  
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      module athena__initialiser_glorot
    
        !! Module containing the implementation of the Glorot initialiser
    
        !!
    
        !! This module implements Glorot (Xavier) initialisation, designed to
    
        !! maintain variance of gradients through layers with sigmoid/tanh.
    
        !!
    
        !! Mathematical operation:
    
        !!
    
        !! Uniform variant:
    
        !! \[ W \sim \mathcal{U}(-\text{limit}, \text{limit}), \quad \text{limit} = \sqrt{\frac{6}{n_{\text{in}} + n_{\text{out}}}} \]
    
        !!
    
        !! Normal variant:
    
        !! \[ W \sim \mathcal{N}(0, \sigma^2), \quad \sigma = \sqrt{\frac{2}{n_{\text{in}} + n_{\text{out}}}} \]
    
        !!
    
        !! where \(n_{\text{in}}\) is fan-in, \(n_{\text{out}}\) is fan-out.
    
        !!
    
        !! Rationale: Maintains variance across layers, prevents vanishing/exploding
    
        !! gradients in deep networks
    
        !!
    
        !! Best for: Tanh, Sigmoid, Softmax activations
    
        !! Reference: Glorot & Bengio (2010), AISTATS
    
        use coreutils, only: real32, pi, stop_program
    
        use athena__misc_types, only: base_init_type
    
        implicit none
    
        private
    
        public :: glorot_uniform_init_type
    
        public :: glorot_normal_init_type
    
        type, extends(base_init_type) :: glorot_uniform_init_type
    
           !! Type for the Glorot initialiser (uniform)
    
         contains
    
           procedure, pass(this) :: initialise => glorot_uniform_initialise
    
           !! Initialise the weights and biases using the Glorot uniform distribution
    
        end type glorot_uniform_init_type
    
        type, extends(base_init_type) :: glorot_normal_init_type
    
           !! Type for the Glorot initialiser (normal)
    
         contains
    
           procedure, pass(this) :: initialise => glorot_normal_initialise
    
           !! Initialise the weights and biases using the Glorot normal distribution
    
        end type glorot_normal_init_type
    
        interface glorot_uniform_init_type
    
           module function initialiser_uniform_setup() result(initialiser)
    
             !! Interface for the Glorot uniform initialiser
    
             type(glorot_uniform_init_type) :: initialiser
    
             !! Glorot uniform initialiser object
    
           end function initialiser_uniform_setup
    
        end interface glorot_uniform_init_type
    
        interface glorot_normal_init_type
    
           module function initialiser_normal_setup() result(initialiser)
    
             !! Interface for the Glorot normal initialiser
    
             type(glorot_normal_init_type) :: initialiser
    
             !! Glorot normal initialiser object
    
           end function initialiser_normal_setup
    
        end interface glorot_normal_init_type
    
      contains
    
      !###############################################################################
    
      132
        module function initialiser_uniform_setup() result(initialiser)
    
          implicit none
    
          ! Arguments
    
          type(glorot_uniform_init_type) :: initialiser
    
          !! Glorot uniform initialiser object
    
      132
          initialiser%name = "glorot_uniform"
    
      132
        end function initialiser_uniform_setup
    
      !-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
      4
        module function initialiser_normal_setup() result(initialiser)
    
          implicit none
    
          ! Arguments
    
          type(glorot_normal_init_type) :: initialiser
    
          !! Glorot normal initialiser object
    
      4
          initialiser%name = "glorot_normal"
    
      4
        end function initialiser_normal_setup
    
      !###############################################################################
    
      !###############################################################################
    
      201
        subroutine glorot_uniform_initialise(this, input, fan_in, fan_out, spacing)
    
          !! Initialise the weights and biases using the Glorot uniform distribution
    
          implicit none
    
          ! Arguments
    
          class(glorot_uniform_init_type), intent(inout) :: this
    
          !! Instance of the Glorot initialiser
    
          real(real32), dimension(..), intent(out) :: input
    
          !! Weights and biases to initialise
    
          integer, optional, intent(in) :: fan_in, fan_out
    
          !! Number of input and output units
    
          integer, dimension(:), optional, intent(in) :: spacing
    
          !! Spacing of the input and output units (not used)
    
          ! Local variables
    
          integer :: n
    
          !! Number of elements in the input array
    
          real(real32) :: limit
    
          !! Scaling factor
    
      201
          real(real32), dimension(:), allocatable :: r
    
          !! Temporary uniform random numbers
    
          ! Validate inputs
    
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          if(.not.present(fan_in)) &
    
      ✗
               call stop_program("glorot_uniform_initialise: fan_in not present")
    
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      201
          if(.not.present(fan_out)) &
    
      ✗
               call stop_program("glorot_uniform_initialise: fan_out not present")
    
      201
          limit = sqrt(6._real32 / real(fan_in + fan_out, real32))
    
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          n = size(input)
    
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      201
          allocate(r(n))
    
      201
          call random_number(r)
    
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          r = (2._real32 * r - 1._real32) * limit
    
          ! Assign according to rank
    
          select rank(input)
    
          rank(0)
    
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             input = r(1)
    
          rank(1)
    
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             input = r
    
          rank(2)
    
      ✗
             input = reshape(r, shape(input))
    
          rank(3)
    
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      4
             input = reshape(r, shape(input))
    
          rank(4)
    
      ✗
             input = reshape(r, shape(input))
    
          rank(5)
    
      ✗
             input = reshape(r, shape(input))
    
          rank(6)
    
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      7
             input = reshape(r, shape(input))
    
          end select
    
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      201
          deallocate(r)
    
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      201
        end subroutine glorot_uniform_initialise
    
      !###############################################################################
    
      !###############################################################################
    
      7
        subroutine glorot_normal_initialise(this, input, fan_in, fan_out, spacing)
    
          !! Initialise the weights and biases using the Glorot normal distribution
    
          implicit none
    
          ! Arguments
    
          class(glorot_normal_init_type), intent(inout) :: this
    
          !! Instance of the Glorot initialiser
    
          real(real32), dimension(..), intent(out) :: input
    
          !! Weights to initialise
    
          integer, optional, intent(in) :: fan_in, fan_out
    
          !! Number of input and output units
    
          integer, dimension(:), optional, intent(in) :: spacing
    
          !! Spacing of the input and output units (not used here, included for compatibility)
    
          ! Local variables
    
          integer :: n
    
          !! Number of elements in the input array
    
          real(real32) :: sigma
    
          !! Scaling factor
    
      7
          real(real32), dimension(:), allocatable :: u1, u2, z
    
          !! Temporary arrays for the random numbers
    
          ! Default fallback values (to avoid division by zero)
    
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      7
          if(.not.present(fan_in)) &
    
      ✗
               call stop_program("glorot_normal_initialise: fan_in not present")
    
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      7
          if(.not.present(fan_out)) &
    
      ✗
               call stop_program("glorot_normal_initialise: fan_out not present")
    
      7
          sigma = sqrt(2._real32 / real(fan_in + fan_out, real32))
    
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          n = size(input)
    
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      7
          allocate(u1(n), u2(n), z(n))
    
      7
          call random_number(u1)
    
      7
          call random_number(u2)
    
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          where (u1 .lt. 1.E-7_real32)
    
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      7
             u1 = 1.E-7_real32
    
          end where
    
          ! Box-Muller transform for normal distribution
    
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          z = sqrt(-2._real32 * log(u1)) * cos(2._real32 * pi * u2)
    
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          z = sigma * z
    
          ! Assign according to rank
    
          select rank(input)
    
          rank(0)
    
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             input = z(1)
    
          rank(1)
    
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             input = z
    
          rank(2)
    
      ✗
             input = reshape(z, shape(input))
    
          rank(3)
    
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             input = reshape(z, shape(input))
    
          rank(4)
    
      ✗
             input = reshape(z, shape(input))
    
          rank(5)
    
      ✗
             input = reshape(z, shape(input))
    
          rank(6)
    
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             input = reshape(z, shape(input))
    
          end select
    
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          deallocate(u1, u2, z)
    
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        end subroutine glorot_normal_initialise
    
      !###############################################################################
    
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      1270
      end module athena__initialiser_glorot

Line	Branch	Exec	Source
1			module athena__initialiser_glorot
2			!! Module containing the implementation of the Glorot initialiser
3			!!
4			!! This module implements Glorot (Xavier) initialisation, designed to
5			!! maintain variance of gradients through layers with sigmoid/tanh.
6			!!
7			!! Mathematical operation:
8			!!
9			!! Uniform variant:
10			!! \[ W \sim \mathcal{U}(-\text{limit}, \text{limit}), \quad \text{limit} = \sqrt{\frac{6}{n_{\text{in}} + n_{\text{out}}}} \]
11			!!
12			!! Normal variant:
13			!! \[ W \sim \mathcal{N}(0, \sigma^2), \quad \sigma = \sqrt{\frac{2}{n_{\text{in}} + n_{\text{out}}}} \]
14			!!
15			!! where \(n_{\text{in}}\) is fan-in, \(n_{\text{out}}\) is fan-out.
16			!!
17			!! Rationale: Maintains variance across layers, prevents vanishing/exploding
18			!! gradients in deep networks
19			!!
20			!! Best for: Tanh, Sigmoid, Softmax activations
21			!! Reference: Glorot & Bengio (2010), AISTATS
22			use coreutils, only: real32, pi, stop_program
23			use athena__misc_types, only: base_init_type
24			implicit none
25
26
27			private
28
29			public :: glorot_uniform_init_type
30			public :: glorot_normal_init_type
31
32
33			type, extends(base_init_type) :: glorot_uniform_init_type
34			!! Type for the Glorot initialiser (uniform)
35			contains
36			procedure, pass(this) :: initialise => glorot_uniform_initialise
37			!! Initialise the weights and biases using the Glorot uniform distribution
38			end type glorot_uniform_init_type
39
40			type, extends(base_init_type) :: glorot_normal_init_type
41			!! Type for the Glorot initialiser (normal)
42			contains
43			procedure, pass(this) :: initialise => glorot_normal_initialise
44			!! Initialise the weights and biases using the Glorot normal distribution
45			end type glorot_normal_init_type
46
47
48			interface glorot_uniform_init_type
49			module function initialiser_uniform_setup() result(initialiser)
50			!! Interface for the Glorot uniform initialiser
51			type(glorot_uniform_init_type) :: initialiser
52			!! Glorot uniform initialiser object
53			end function initialiser_uniform_setup
54			end interface glorot_uniform_init_type
55
56			interface glorot_normal_init_type
57			module function initialiser_normal_setup() result(initialiser)
58			!! Interface for the Glorot normal initialiser
59			type(glorot_normal_init_type) :: initialiser
60			!! Glorot normal initialiser object
61			end function initialiser_normal_setup
62			end interface glorot_normal_init_type
63
64
65
66			contains
67
68			!###############################################################################
69		132	module function initialiser_uniform_setup() result(initialiser)
70			implicit none
71			! Arguments
72			type(glorot_uniform_init_type) :: initialiser
73			!! Glorot uniform initialiser object
74
75		132	initialiser%name = "glorot_uniform"
76
77		132	end function initialiser_uniform_setup
78			!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
79		4	module function initialiser_normal_setup() result(initialiser)
80			implicit none
81			! Arguments
82			type(glorot_normal_init_type) :: initialiser
83			!! Glorot normal initialiser object
84
85		4	initialiser%name = "glorot_normal"
86
87		4	end function initialiser_normal_setup
88			!###############################################################################
89
90
91			!###############################################################################
92		201	subroutine glorot_uniform_initialise(this, input, fan_in, fan_out, spacing)
93			!! Initialise the weights and biases using the Glorot uniform distribution
94			implicit none
95
96			! Arguments
97			class(glorot_uniform_init_type), intent(inout) :: this
98			!! Instance of the Glorot initialiser
99			real(real32), dimension(..), intent(out) :: input
100			!! Weights and biases to initialise
101			integer, optional, intent(in) :: fan_in, fan_out
102			!! Number of input and output units
103			integer, dimension(:), optional, intent(in) :: spacing
104			!! Spacing of the input and output units (not used)
105
106			! Local variables
107			integer :: n
108			!! Number of elements in the input array
109			real(real32) :: limit
110			!! Scaling factor
111		201	real(real32), dimension(:), allocatable :: r
112			!! Temporary uniform random numbers
113
114			! Validate inputs
115	1/2 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 201 times.	201	if(.not.present(fan_in)) &
116		✗	call stop_program("glorot_uniform_initialise: fan_in not present")
117	1/2 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 201 times.	201	if(.not.present(fan_out)) &
118		✗	call stop_program("glorot_uniform_initialise: fan_out not present")
119
120		201	limit = sqrt(6._real32 / real(fan_in + fan_out, real32))
121	4/6 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 207 times. ✗ Branch 2 not taken. ✓ Branch 3 taken 207 times. ✓ Branch 4 taken 207 times. ✓ Branch 5 taken 201 times.	408	n = size(input)
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123		201	call random_number(r)
124	6/10 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 201 times. ✗ Branch 3 not taken. ✓ Branch 4 taken 201 times. ✗ Branch 6 not taken. ✓ Branch 7 taken 201 times. ✗ Branch 9 not taken. ✓ Branch 10 taken 201 times. ✓ Branch 12 taken 42299 times. ✓ Branch 13 taken 201 times.	42500	r = (2._real32 * r - 1._real32) * limit
125
126			! Assign according to rank
127			select rank(input)
128			rank(0)
129	2/4 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 1 times. ✗ Branch 3 not taken. ✓ Branch 4 taken 1 times.	1	input = r(1)
130			rank(1)
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132			rank(2)
133		✗	input = reshape(r, shape(input))
134			rank(3)
135	4/6 ✓ Branch 0 taken 3 times. ✓ Branch 1 taken 1 times. ✓ Branch 2 taken 3 times. ✗ Branch 3 not taken. ✗ Branch 4 not taken. ✓ Branch 5 taken 3 times.	4	input = reshape(r, shape(input))
136			rank(4)
137		✗	input = reshape(r, shape(input))
138			rank(5)
139		✗	input = reshape(r, shape(input))
140			rank(6)
141	4/6 ✓ Branch 0 taken 6 times. ✓ Branch 1 taken 1 times. ✓ Branch 2 taken 6 times. ✗ Branch 3 not taken. ✗ Branch 4 not taken. ✓ Branch 5 taken 6 times.	7	input = reshape(r, shape(input))
142			end select
143
144	1/2 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 201 times.	201	deallocate(r)
145	1/2 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 201 times.	201	end subroutine glorot_uniform_initialise
146			!###############################################################################
147
148
149			!###############################################################################
150		7	subroutine glorot_normal_initialise(this, input, fan_in, fan_out, spacing)
151			!! Initialise the weights and biases using the Glorot normal distribution
152			implicit none
153
154			! Arguments
155			class(glorot_normal_init_type), intent(inout) :: this
156			!! Instance of the Glorot initialiser
157			real(real32), dimension(..), intent(out) :: input
158			!! Weights to initialise
159			integer, optional, intent(in) :: fan_in, fan_out
160			!! Number of input and output units
161			integer, dimension(:), optional, intent(in) :: spacing
162			!! Spacing of the input and output units (not used here, included for compatibility)
163
164			! Local variables
165			integer :: n
166			!! Number of elements in the input array
167			real(real32) :: sigma
168			!! Scaling factor
169		7	real(real32), dimension(:), allocatable :: u1, u2, z
170			!! Temporary arrays for the random numbers
171
172			! Default fallback values (to avoid division by zero)
173	1/2 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 7 times.	7	if(.not.present(fan_in)) &
174		✗	call stop_program("glorot_normal_initialise: fan_in not present")
175	1/2 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 7 times.	7	if(.not.present(fan_out)) &
176		✗	call stop_program("glorot_normal_initialise: fan_out not present")
177
178		7	sigma = sqrt(2._real32 / real(fan_in + fan_out, real32))
179	4/6 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 13 times. ✗ Branch 2 not taken. ✓ Branch 3 taken 13 times. ✓ Branch 4 taken 13 times. ✓ Branch 5 taken 7 times.	20	n = size(input)
180	21/42 ✓ Branch 0 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 1 not taken. ✗ Branch 2 not taken. ✓ Branch 3 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 4 not taken. ✓ Branch 5 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 6 not taken. ✓ Branch 7 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 8 not taken. ✓ Branch 9 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 11 not taken. ✓ Branch 12 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 14 not taken. ✓ Branch 15 taken 7 times. ✓ Branch 17 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 18 not taken. ✗ Branch 19 not taken. ✓ Branch 20 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 21 not taken. ✓ Branch 22 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 23 not taken. ✓ Branch 24 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 25 not taken. ✓ Branch 26 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 28 not taken. ✓ Branch 29 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 31 not taken. ✓ Branch 32 taken 7 times. ✓ Branch 34 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 35 not taken. ✗ Branch 36 not taken. ✓ Branch 37 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 38 not taken. ✓ Branch 39 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 40 not taken. ✓ Branch 41 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 42 not taken. ✓ Branch 43 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 45 not taken. ✓ Branch 46 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 48 not taken. ✓ Branch 49 taken 7 times.	7	allocate(u1(n), u2(n), z(n))
181
182		7	call random_number(u1)
183		7	call random_number(u2)
184	8/14 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 3 not taken. ✓ Branch 4 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 6 not taken. ✓ Branch 7 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 9 not taken. ✓ Branch 10 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 12 not taken. ✓ Branch 13 taken 7 times. ✓ Branch 15 taken 3470 times. ✓ Branch 16 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 17 not taken. ✓ Branch 18 taken 3470 times.	3477	where (u1 .lt. 1.E-7_real32)
185	4/8 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 3 not taken. ✓ Branch 4 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 6 not taken. ✓ Branch 7 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 9 not taken. ✓ Branch 10 taken 7 times.	7	u1 = 1.E-7_real32
186			end where
187
188			! Box-Muller transform for normal distribution
189	13/26 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 3 not taken. ✓ Branch 4 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 6 not taken. ✓ Branch 7 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 9 not taken. ✓ Branch 10 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 12 not taken. ✓ Branch 13 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 15 not taken. ✓ Branch 16 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 18 not taken. ✓ Branch 19 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 21 not taken. ✓ Branch 22 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 24 not taken. ✓ Branch 25 taken 7 times. ✓ Branch 27 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 28 not taken. ✓ Branch 29 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 30 not taken. ✗ Branch 31 not taken. ✗ Branch 32 not taken. ✓ Branch 33 taken 3470 times. ✓ Branch 34 taken 7 times.	3477	z = sqrt(-2._real32 * log(u1)) * cos(2._real32 * pi * u2)
190	6/10 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 3 not taken. ✓ Branch 4 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 6 not taken. ✓ Branch 7 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 9 not taken. ✓ Branch 10 taken 7 times. ✓ Branch 12 taken 3470 times. ✓ Branch 13 taken 7 times.	3477	z = sigma * z
191
192			! Assign according to rank
193			select rank(input)
194			rank(0)
195	2/4 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 1 times. ✗ Branch 3 not taken. ✓ Branch 4 taken 1 times.	1	input = z(1)
196			rank(1)
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198			rank(2)
199		✗	input = reshape(z, shape(input))
200			rank(3)
201	4/6 ✓ Branch 0 taken 3 times. ✓ Branch 1 taken 1 times. ✓ Branch 2 taken 3 times. ✗ Branch 3 not taken. ✗ Branch 4 not taken. ✓ Branch 5 taken 3 times.	4	input = reshape(z, shape(input))
202			rank(4)
203		✗	input = reshape(z, shape(input))
204			rank(5)
205		✗	input = reshape(z, shape(input))
206			rank(6)
207	4/6 ✓ Branch 0 taken 6 times. ✓ Branch 1 taken 1 times. ✓ Branch 2 taken 6 times. ✗ Branch 3 not taken. ✗ Branch 4 not taken. ✓ Branch 5 taken 6 times.	7	input = reshape(z, shape(input))
208			end select
209
210	3/6 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 3 not taken. ✓ Branch 4 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 6 not taken. ✓ Branch 7 taken 7 times.	7	deallocate(u1, u2, z)
211
212	3/6 ✗ Branch 0 not taken. ✓ Branch 1 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 2 not taken. ✓ Branch 3 taken 7 times. ✗ Branch 4 not taken. ✓ Branch 5 taken 7 times.	7	end subroutine glorot_normal_initialise
213			!###############################################################################
214
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216